A happy childhood is no guarantee for good mental health, study suggests
It is often assumed that a fraught or difficult childhood, could lead to problems with mental illness further down the line, but new research has suggested that a happy and secure childhood does not always protect a child from suffering mental health problems later in life.
Both positive and negative experiences in childhood could manifest as anxiety or other mental health conditions in adulthood, according to the research, by University of South Australia in partnership with the University of Canberra and part of a study published in Current Psychology.
The study authors therefore believe it is how well we adapt to various unexpected experiences, that could have an influence on our mental wellbeing at a later date.
Read more: Telling children fibs could make them more anxious in later life, study suggests
Lead researcher, Bianca Kahl, believes the study highlights the fact that mental illness is not limited to negative experiences of childhood.
“As the prevalence of mental health conditions expands, it's imperative that we also extend our knowledge of this very complex and varied condition,” Kahl told Medical Xpress.
“This research shows that mental health conditions are not solely determined by early life events, and that a child who is raised in a happy home, could still grow up to have a mental health disorder.”
Watch: How to help if children are suffering from anxiety during lockdown.
The researchers examined the how various childhood experiences could relate to different developmental pathways and how this may in turn impact mental health.
Though the study reaffirmed the belief that children who experience adverse and unpredictable early life experiences could suffer elevated symptoms of poor mental health, including depression, results also suggested that kids who grew up in stable and supportive environments were also at risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in adulthood.
Kahl believes the research could help identify other key insights about potential mental health risk factors for all children.
“There's certainly some missing factors in understanding how our childhood environment and early life experiences might translate into mental health outcomes in adulthood,” she explains.
“We suspect that it’s our expectations about our environments and our ability to adapt to scenarios when our expectations are not being met, that may be influencing our experiences of distress.
“If, as children, we learn how to adapt to change, and we learn how to cope when things do not go our way, we may be in a better position to respond to stress and other risk factors for poor mental health.”
Kahl adds that it is the testing of this hypothesis that will form the focus of her next research study.
Read more: One in six children in England has a 'probable mental disorder', NHS survey suggests
The new research follows a previous study which suggested children who are smacked at a young age are more likely to suffer from poor mental health and have behavioural problems through to their teenage years.
Those who experienced “adverse childhood experiences” (ACEs), such as smacking and harsh parenting, had poorer outcomes than those who did not, the study led by UCL researchers revealed.
The study, published in the journal Child, Abuse and Neglect, builds on previous evidence by UCL researchers, which led to the smacking ban in Scotland last year.
Researchers say this new study adds more weight to calls to provide children in England with legal protection from smacking and physical punishment.
Read more: Quarter of teens are showing signs of anxiety and depression, according to survey
A further study also suggested that telling children lies, even with the best intentions, could have an impact on their mental health later in life.
While fibs parents tell their children intending to encourage good behaviour may seem harmless enough, according to a study, by China’s Xinyang Normal University, it could lead to them feeling more anxious in adolescence.
Researchers suggested telling children narratives such as ‘eating carrots will help you see in the dark’ could increase their risk of suffering from anxiety in later life and can also impact teenagers’ relationships with their parents.